The formulas
- CAC = sales and marketing spend ÷ new customers
- Monthly contribution per customer = revenue per customer × gross margin
- LTV = monthly contribution ÷ monthly churn
- LTV to CAC = LTV ÷ CAC
- CAC payback (months) = CAC ÷ monthly contribution
Common rules of thumb are an LTV of at least three times CAC and payback within 12 months, but they vary by business model. Look at each channel separately rather than one blended number.
Frequently asked questions
What is a good LTV to CAC ratio?
A common rule of thumb is at least 3 to 1, with CAC paid back within 12 months. The right level depends on your model, cash position and growth plans.
Should CAC include salaries?
For a full picture, include the sales and marketing team's cost as well as ad spend. Track a paid-only CAC too, so you can compare channels.
Why use gross margin in LTV?
Revenue is not profit. Using gross margin shows what each customer contributes after the direct cost of serving them.